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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： . v( u* r/ `/ e- _- X
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+ j3 e# e* u! C0 Q# O! NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第' M" r2 {3 e7 ~1 w# omso-font-kerning:0pt">12 S; X& f) k( G, F/ H; T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。+ @. Q6 k; F* I6 F6 |2 L4 a: \$ gcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。" H* ]0 w9 u& H) c$ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, n: U1 F% W' [; y0 |& Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。: x V& H) f: V0 I: V5 f0 X
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0 m x9 ]; g4 @9 q0 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？; H" z) a' p" F f6 Ucolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 E% a! h, V- n9 }" r4 zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。- n0 O2 r1 p; a! O& y- }* R
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4 ~/ C: h9 b8 g9 i7 ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服$ J2 _( ], t: T& O# [9 K3 M8 K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学) h3 M4 g0 n& Z
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/ k' s' {% ~9 |) z JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么5 b6 m* p: s* p7 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">——- I! D* m9 X: K7 M# Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; x# g3 ]% J u3 {* Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？: |" @6 K8 m( v7 n& O& V3 ?, Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 _; t: U& I- r4 D
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' {7 \+ b+ \3 f, U2 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。+ t& d" d" n$ k' z2 C2 U" G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”/ ]$ f1 @5 a1 F
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+ K# M1 ]0 D- X& K$ lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚# N0 X1 c) x! F6 ^1 S5 W$ ^
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, ]& L# p4 J4 A2 N) kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！2 w5 i* ]. S) i4 H3 I4 H' Cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> # Q0 V! F C2 F# k! W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假 w( O5 c, u1 m' K- Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ n" e* r+ M1 ~) C& D5 d7 j: lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是3 h! A( {' \: V& T
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4 C& u& q) ]6 J4 f$ zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题+ o* ?: h/ C% |5 X- \! G+ Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ h& D* Q! m, B& f: mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( w+ w/ c6 s3 i3 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。1 W! M$ u T. q k- Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“. m o) p7 w0 \' b/ p, R4 E5 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* i% t: {+ A- n8 V- _" X- t: Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴6 N2 i" n3 O* |" c; K1 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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