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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, + x9 o9 i! s& N0 R
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, / w, U5 R3 K1 {
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* D' ^8 F$ N. V" h2 x"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, * o) n0 Z+ H9 b- ]2 f
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,- y4 v9 H* ~+ y3 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; ~" ~0 C7 i6 U! _
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 % ]: S, [; D0 O* c& p4 I
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 7 M3 x7 v+ `$ k4 e' s
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, $ @4 g+ }' Q4 d& K1 A6 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' ^* C$ l$ j7 o& j"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,( v4 n1 x# J5 O5 N g
- e7 Z4 Y. k, [8 h$ Bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, : a( L$ U5 H3 j) J3 p( @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, ; r& j/ ~" c: D w/ N* |' w" o4 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' z6 f3 q2 l$ W5 w9 Q, {; t
"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, $ n) g7 {5 D$ K7 H+ J
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, ' z7 T; W% a3 Y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,& i% i; s4 D7 j* t; _% v6 W; o7 V
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' P( X( d2 V8 L6 ~0 P ?1 g) P"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, ! U- X$ H) A. U8 z( t5 m
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ # c3 i4 x/ Q$ v9 ]
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” / c! [0 w- a& f7 x3 W5 c, n7 K/ C
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ & n* _8 P) I% L9 S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 4 S5 b6 |0 p4 i宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, , M3 i0 P0 O! k* G) _& W% N
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ _9 T; z! o$ n9 V0 A* S"Times New Roman"">前者为因, 3 G: N& _3 L! u. C$ fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, : c3 P! M1 T" @2 ^( v' kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- ?% H6 S$ ]( r7 M# @( {. a
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,/ n0 U u# T4 ~: \/ |
8 E5 N* ^1 P+ w6 kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, # p c: H+ W2 v* L& p
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, * h0 X K1 c8 n1 ^6 h0 u) T3 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ p& L. Q) R4 [% }
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, & V g: q8 s% x, ~0 C3 Z. _
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: . j% N1 C; A" [0 j( _! }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ Y# W0 b: M' d* C, \
"Times New Roman"">“ ; m' I5 c K4 ?0 T; Q
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 6 Z+ ]7 ?7 P2 I宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” 1 @/ J$ w+ Y6 y9 b' z8 r宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, # ~* o e* R0 d+ V* Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 \# M* j" M! }6 ^5 h& _# g"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪: ~, }% v& J i* j" p% d% T
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。 ; L' Z: A, }; w1 b, C7 p- Z+ i G
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 6 V' ]3 F: ?- f4 V+ z2 H) M
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 1 M$ x8 _& ]/ [' U# c+ @, f0 M6 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& {2 b6 r4 o- e"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,% x u4 h8 `+ M; b' e' ~
- Z1 ^* b8 |$ F) n0 h1 H# ]mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 4 N' E( s; Z$ [4 J8 M& v) Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 E& k0 ]" \! L4 Y! r"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 9 | B R- G: h
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 / ]( O! Q; K1 P7 r" F2 F mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里% U% ]2 K" R1 @) @& Imso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 1 N1 {* }# p: A* Y. K
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(# a6 f9 k, ~& @' G, L
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 9 c2 G4 Z# |1 G/ B% s. x: O
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ G$ a7 Y) D: o% r
"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用2 P3 I1 G% s8 V e5 v; A" w
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, . o3 ?- h& e4 H* n* Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( _" T% y) v- |' ]) Q0 ^7 ]* o"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, ; R% ^: d3 {1 f2 C0 `: G; @
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!9 \ S! F) }/ e) r" H6 W8 l7 e
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, $ G6 R% M {0 n0 b* |. U5 P
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 R4 K F) e. |* ^
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: " h8 B" x6 b+ q4 I. j7 p) g8 }
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, * m4 `8 R. s4 g宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 5 R- a) R3 B7 k$ z$ efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& `0 N1 m5 B8 i# T6 x- c1 d"Times New Roman"">“ ( L2 Q3 w3 n2 i3 b3 I
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”3 Y C$ g0 {, l& g$ |2 U
12.0pt"> $ ?/ r6 E7 f+ A8 }7 [$ V"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, : _' p; Z* f1 \( h1 _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, - m' G# O6 B& Y; |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, l% g1 h8 }/ Y5 ?. P
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, ! A; Z8 Q" B. O0 l
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, 9 w1 F. W0 l; q1 ?& W
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, ) f: {" j& o: Q2 H! s( N
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 H4 w# k) O6 O"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ & z# u3 A/ c: O. w; c' c9 y: u
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 1 h4 E5 d2 C1 N0 E
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。 7 r$ V7 R3 |) v1 h/ R* G& G
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
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! u6 ]. ^. T/ d9 V$ ?5 M"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 % T3 ] j3 t% q3 ^8 S7 f- B
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$ d2 u# p* k0 } p# b+ n" Fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, , q, S+ `' @$ Z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, ; D# [6 L4 @; t- O; ?9 P Y: n: t
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" \7 ?7 |: \% f3 E+ x
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,! |* y' R& v4 h2 n
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 5 G# d. | t* o+ d, gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 |5 A% `: L( `( D/ y"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,6 ~. [$ p! Z# o" N% L# w- _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 7 Y; j# ]$ \, L6 X+ P9 B
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( b& `8 ^/ A6 s# F"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题* I9 W* H' C, N6 L
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: 8 V9 o* i( B8 h7 y* n
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"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才7 D+ r a' `& \, m" L! N- \0 S& M, \12.0pt">, ) o& ?6 @! Y! u* J) p! M* f
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, ( j% \8 F. G; |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ L, _ s5 r0 N% \" \. w. z" J+ \* ^
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; ' u; M: m+ w+ @ G6 e1 w
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, - w' z$ ~# j( P( t9 z4 {& M
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, W5 |7 w: M4 ^+ i+ ]' h x
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- w% \7 Q' c/ ]2 [1 J3 `8 x
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题$ R, I, }4 z8 A3 e) \+ O5 i12.0pt">; 2 H# }0 G: A3 C1 d$ v* `"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, ' [* U. P! p9 T; B8 @1 @" N
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求2 N8 @+ {$ F& \( k0 A
12.0pt">: B( q* x3 }# u9 @8 F"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; & G; ?3 `# ^* P" b0 f
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"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, ; R5 C+ \1 Z) h' j% Y6 dmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, ( Z4 V1 W) a q- M% mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 b3 f0 U/ d( A2 a; Z+ b"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统8 Y. W& W4 `- E( d2 B3 A12.0pt">: 2 E" }" k- d/ P
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ : a4 U& z2 q, J0 V; \& |7 X
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” / s( q7 w" w8 s8 K
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 2 }+ A, u6 x# S
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> 3 m, I) ^3 r$ x, H+ N( Y. \$ |
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
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! k3 Z2 C/ K9 b; x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
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3 X- z9 c: ~( y"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, % W5 t" `$ Y& {- Z0 |1 _5 \5 V1 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# P9 T, O* w8 n+ U8 D/ ^9 _
"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 9 n+ o' e+ c+ q+ \3 G0 C, l5 }; e
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, # v* i) s4 i" E' d' S8 o
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 M0 v$ O$ G8 `) ~( A: M8 u"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
* H; S3 P$ D0 F3 u# f1 z5 g7 d% `: o& I X/ z& \5 kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, : k) `6 J+ ]9 O9 N3 o! |: B/ ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ a; [0 C6 B1 S3 {# G
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, " ^, {) j: I, m! q# J. g/ G7 Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, ! ]6 I# M% Z* L* `: D5 d
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: " S6 `- b1 t6 R, u% b; ]: p
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 b- b# ?/ ]) ~) r! b5 k. {! s/ T
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, 2 f/ w0 Z% |) ^. Q) X2 I; Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 9 Z: H7 C: ?7 U: h5 S* O5 }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ `: b1 f7 [( m; X# |1 ?& n) \5 x"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, ( S# K( D! a, I! a. X; ]
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 2 I8 H% W- u% `2 j N
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0 t0 \/ E* T6 [ L2 F* j8 s( y% z% M( _3 y5 ^mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上, E+ Q4 g" T' O, m! Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. W& L; b' Z! `6 g
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定1 I7 Y `6 t) n+ N/ D: n12.0pt">, A$ t$ [7 ?$ o# F8 l6 C) _
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 0 X8 D x4 F2 ?2 _1 r& nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# ^# c6 u# F1 J a) c7 O0 c1 {
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:5 F8 S$ L+ c( x9 F
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, 6 h4 n4 V* A. X ?# N
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 5 y3 X5 P$ o/ a) E: U" k! T! |+ `
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ V N7 _0 g1 l" x5 @ t"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, # d% E3 N6 J! i; t) A1 `- k# ?* z; Z7 ]
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, $ o6 u0 Y& U( ?+ H, \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 P; K: M' U1 N# \- I7 b3 N( a- ?
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 6 f/ ]2 s+ ?; I1 ]8 U2 \
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ $ O8 l0 F `& W" o2 f' e' m% L宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, ; J. u( p' R# B1 i* P9 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:4 S; q4 G6 e- ?5 g' s
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
